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A VSI sand maker, also known as a vertical shaft impact crusher, uses a high-speed rotor to accelerate material and generate impact crushing.
The material enters from the top of the machine, is accelerated by the rotor, and is then thrown into the crushing chamber. Depending on the configuration, particles may collide with other particles or with wear-resistant anvils before being discharged.
VSI sand makers are commonly used for:
Compared with conventional compression crushing, a VSI sand maker is often selected when particle shape, fine crushing, and manufactured sand quality are important.
VSI sand makers can use different crushing chamber configurations depending on the material and product requirements.
In a rock-on-rock configuration, accelerated particles mainly collide with other particles or with a material layer inside the crushing chamber.
Typical characteristics include:
In a rock-on-anvil configuration, accelerated material impacts wear-resistant anvils or impact surfaces inside the crushing chamber.
Typical characteristics include:
The final configuration should be selected according to material hardness, abrasiveness, feed size, required capacity, and final product specifications.
LIPU VSI sand makers can process a wide range of hard and medium-hard materials.
Typical materials include:
Typical applications include:
For hard rock crushing, a VSI sand maker is commonly installed after primary and secondary crushing.
For medium-hard materials, it can work together with a Jaw Crusher and Impact Crusher in a complete crushing and sand-making line.
Material enters through the upper feed opening and moves toward the high-speed rotor.
The rotor accelerates the material and throws it outward through the rotor ports.
The accelerated material then collides with:
These repeated impacts reduce particle size and help improve particle shape.
The processed material then moves downward and leaves through the discharge opening.
VSI performance is influenced by:
A typical VSI sand maker includes:
The rotor and wear parts are critical to crushing performance and operating cost.
Wear-part selection should therefore match the abrasiveness and hardness of the processed material.
A VSI sand maker is especially suitable when the project requires fine crushing, manufactured sand, or improved aggregate particle shape.
It is commonly selected when:
A VSI sand maker should not be selected only according to nominal capacity.
Material abrasiveness, feed size, wear cost, and downstream screening requirements should also be considered.
VSI sand makers and horizontal shaft impact crushers both use impact force, but they are normally used in different crushing stages.
| Item | VSI Sand Maker | Impact Crusher |
|---|---|---|
| Shaft Arrangement | Vertical shaft | Horizontal shaft |
| Typical Stage | Tertiary crushing / fine crushing / shaping | Secondary crushing |
| Feed Size | Smaller | Larger |
| Main Application | Sand making and aggregate shaping | Secondary crushing |
| Product Shape | Strong shaping capability | Good aggregate shape |
| Typical Materials | Hard and medium-hard materials | Mainly medium-hard materials |
| Main Wear Parts | Rotor tips and chamber wear parts | Blow bars and impact plates |
An Impact Crusher is generally used for secondary crushing, while a VSI sand maker is more commonly installed later in the process for fine crushing, shaping, and manufactured sand production.
A VSI sand maker usually works as part of a complete crushing, screening, and sand-making line.
A typical process can be arranged as:
Materials → Vibrating Feeder → Jaw Crusher → Secondary Crusher → VSI Sand Maker → Vibrating Screen → Finished Sand and Aggregate
For hard rock:
Feeding → Jaw Crusher → Cone Crusher → VSI Sand Maker → Screening
For medium-hard materials:
Feeding → Jaw Crusher → Impact Crusher → VSI Sand Maker → Screening
If washed manufactured sand is required, the process can continue with:
VSI Sand Maker → Vibrating Screen → Sand Washing Machine → Finished Sand
A Belt Conveyor is normally used to transfer material between the different crushing and screening stages.
Oversized material from the vibrating screen can be returned to the VSI sand maker or upstream crusher to form a closed crushing circuit.
LIPU VSI sand makers are available in different models for sand shaping and sand-making applications.
| Model | Sand Shaping | Sand Making | Sand Shaping | Sand Making | Motor Power（kw） |
| Max.Feeding Size （mm） | Throughput（t/h） | ||||
| PCL 0815 | <30 | <35 | 70-140 | 130-230 | 2×75 |
| PCL 0818 | <30 | <35 | 80-190 | 165-283 | 2×90 |
| PCL 0922 | <35 | <40 | 105-145 | 220-330 | 2×110 |
| PCL 0926 | <35 | <40 | 120-190 | 240-380 | 2×132 |
| PCL 1032 | <40 | <45 | 181-278 | 246-356 | 2×160 |
| PCL 1040 | <40 | <45 | 262-284 | 350-440 | 2×200 |
| PCL 1250 | <45 | <50 | 345-371 | 414-540 | 2×250 |
| PCL 1263 | <50 | <55 | 453-498 | 521-585 | 2×315 |
Actual capacity may vary according to material hardness, abrasiveness, feed gradation, rotor speed, crushing chamber configuration, and final product requirements.
The technical parameters should therefore be used for preliminary model selection.
VSI sand maker selection should be based on the complete crushing and sand-making process rather than only on capacity.
For preliminary selection, please provide:
Important selection factors include:
Feed Size
The maximum feed size should remain within the allowable range of the selected model.
Material Abrasiveness
Highly abrasive materials require suitable rotor tips and wear-part materials.
Sand Making or Shaping
Sand-making and shaping duties may use different feed sizes and operating conditions.
Required Capacity
Capacity should be evaluated together with feed gradation, rotor speed, and the complete closed-circuit system.
Final Product Requirements
The required sand grading and aggregate particle shape affect VSI configuration and downstream screening.
Complete Plant Configuration
The VSI sand maker should be matched with upstream crushing, screening, conveying, and optional sand washing equipment.
LIPU Heavy Industry provides crushing, screening, grinding, classification, and mineral processing equipment for quarry, aggregate, and mining projects.
For VSI sand maker applications, LIPU can assist with:
For complete manufactured sand projects, the VSI sand maker can be selected as part of the full production line rather than as an isolated machine.
What is a VSI sand maker mainly used for?
A VSI sand maker is mainly used for manufactured sand production, fine crushing, and aggregate shaping.
What materials can a VSI sand maker process?
It can process granite, basalt, river pebble, quartz, limestone, dolomite, construction waste, and other suitable hard or medium-hard materials.
What is the difference between a VSI sand maker and an impact crusher?
An impact crusher is mainly used for secondary crushing, while a VSI sand maker is more commonly used for tertiary crushing, manufactured sand production, and aggregate shaping.
Can a VSI sand maker process hard rock?
Yes. VSI sand makers can process hard rock, but material abrasiveness should be considered because it directly affects wear-part life and operating cost.
Can LIPU provide a complete manufactured sand production line?
Yes. LIPU can configure feeding, primary crushing, secondary crushing, VSI sand making, screening, conveying, and optional sand washing equipment according to project requirements.
We provide a variety of mining and processing equipment, including feeders, rock crushers, grinders, classifying and screening machines, washing machines, gravity separators, flotation machines, magnetic separators, electric separators, dewatering equipment and laboratory mineral processing equipment.
